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Mountain Island Lake is located downstream of Lake Norman, northwest of Charlotte, in Lincoln, Mecklenburg, and Gaston counties, North Carolina. Mountain Island Lake has a surface area of about 2,914 acres and 86.5 shoreline miles at full pond elevation of 647.5 feet MSL.
Table 3.6-1 summarizes the shoreline classification for Mountain Island Lake, based on the July 2001 SMP maps.
Within the Mountain Island Lake Study Area, there are 36 previously recorded cultural resources including 6 architectural resources and 30 archaeological sites. Architectural resources include 4 single dwellings, a mill, and a mill village. The architectural resources range in date from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, with most of the resources dating to the nineteenth century. The archeological sites range in date from the Early Archaic to the Historic cultural periods. There are 16 prehistoric archaeological sites for which we do not have enough data to determine their specific function. At a majority of the prehistoric sites, only a limited amount of lithic artifacts were recovered. One site is an historic Catawba Indian occupation. Two other historic archaeological sites consist of the remains of cotton plantations. There are no archaeological sites listed in the National Register. An agricultural site, the remains of a plantation dating to the 1760s, has been recommended as potentially eligible for listing in the National Register. It is a domestic site from the Historic period that contains plantation ruins. Two of the architectural resources are listed in the National Register. They are Latta Place and the Richard A. Rozelle House. The information on both the archaeological and architectural sites from the state files is being used in preparation of the predictive model to assign the shoreline on Mountain Island Lake either a High, Medium, Low, or No probability for the occurrence of cultural resources. Prior to the completion of the model non-exempt activities such as excavation projects, commercial marina development, and certain conveyance projects will be provided to the appropriate SHPO for review before construction or excavation activity begins within the project boundary. To ensure the potential impact to cultural resources is properly evaluated after completion of the predictive model, Lake Management will review the predictive model for all non-exempt activities. Applicants for all non-exempt lake use permitting activities in medium and high probability areas will be required to consult with the appropriate SHPO regarding their proposal.
Mountain Island Lake Existing Recreational Areas There are 3 developed Duke Power-owned public recreational access locations (one leased to a city recreation agency) on Mountain Island Lake. In addition, there is 1 developed county nature preserve, 3 undeveloped county nature preserves, 1 proposed state educational forest, 1 city-owned conservation area, and 1 county-owned wildlife refuge along the Mountain Island Lake shoreline. Figure 3.6-1 denotes the location of the public recreational access locations. There are no public commercial non-residential and two commercial residential marinas on Mountain Island Lake. The following sections describe the Duke Power-owned public access area facilities at Mountain Island Lake.
The Mountain Island Tailrace Fishing Area has been recently leased to the City of Mount Holly for a city park. The City is planning to install 8 campsites, a restroom, an archery range, playground, picnic deck, canoe access and trails on the site. Existing Duke Power-Owned Public Access Areas The developed Duke Power-owned public access areas provide about 148 acres and about 7,328 feet of shoreline frontage of public access at Mountain Island Lake. Combined, the developed access areas have 6 public boat ramps, 3 loading piers, 2 fishing piers, and about 160 vehicle/trailer and 20 car parking spaces. Table 3.6-3 summarizes the facilities at the public access areas. In the 1994 SMP, Duke Power proposed to improve the Riverbend access area (replace 3 ramps with 4 new boat ramps, replace 2 piers with 2 new loading piers and pave the parking lot). In addition Duke Power said it would add 31 acres to the Riverbend site (67 acres added). All of the recreation commitments from the1994 SMP have been met. In addition, at Neck Road access area Duke Power replaced the ramp with 2 new boat ramps, installed a loading pier, and paved, lighted the parking lot and added 3 acres of land to the site. At the Mountain Island Tailrace Fishing area, Duke Power built 2 fishing platforms and provided 49 acres of land. The NCWRC has entered into a creative partnership with Duke Power for the maintenance and operation of the non-leased access areas. Under this agreement Duke Power pays the NCWRC to maintain the access areas and the NCWRC makes at least the same capital dollar amount available to Duke Power, and agency lessees for the non boat launching portion of the access areas, for improvements that will help the boating public. This agreement is a continuation of a long established partnership with the NCWRC with the added benefit of designated cost sharing capital dollars for access area improvements.
State and County Public Recreational Facilities There is one developed county park (Latta Plantation Nature Preserve), and one county wildlife area (Cowan's Ford Wildlife Refuge), along the Mountain Island shoreline. Both facilities are owned and operated by Mecklenburg County. There are three undeveloped recreation areas: Auten Nature Preserve and Rural Hill Nature Preserve in Mecklenburg County, and the proposed State Educational Forest in Lincoln and Gaston counties. The City of Gastonia owns a conservation area south of Highway 16 along the shoreline in Gaston county. The City of Mount Holly is in the process of developing the Mountain Island Tailrace Fishing Area (leased from Duke Power) as a city park. Table 3.6-4 summarizes the recreational facilities provided at the Latta Plantation Nature Preserve. The facilities at Cowan's Ford Wildlife Refuge include a wildlife viewing platform.
Existing Commercial and Private Recreational Access There are no public commercial non-residential and
two commercial residential marinas on Mountain Island Lake. Private
access to Mountain Island Lake is through private marinas and private
piers along the Mountain Island Lake shoreline. Table 3.6-5 summarizes
the number of commercial facilities. Table 3.6-6 provides the estimated
number of private piers.
Mountain Island Lake Recreational Use Assessment Visitation figures at the public access areas on Mountain Island Lake were derived based on estimates of the traffic entering the Duke Power-owned public access areas. Total estimated visitation during the 1999 study period for Mountain Island Lake at these sites was 99,135 visits. Figure 3.6-2 shows the distribution of the visitation for each month at Mountain Island Lake for the Duke Power-owned public access areas during the 1999 study period. A visit is considered a vehicle or vehicle/trailer entering the site for any part of a day.
Table 3.6-7 provides a summary of the estimated recreational visitation based on the traffic counter data for the sampled sites during the 1999 study period. Based on survey data input, the estimated ratio for annual visits to the project area for Survey B respondents (respondents that use both public and private access areas) compared to Survey C respondents (respondents at the public access areas) was a ratio of 1.3 to 1. The estimated overall recreational visitation for Mountain Island Lake for the 1999 study period totaled 125,750 visits. Click Here to View Full
Mountain Island Lake Boat Carrying Capacity Assessment The overall boat carrying capacity is assessed based on the peak boating use estimates obtained during the flyovers in the 1999 study period. The available boating acreage was adjusted from the base boats per acreage estimate (see Table 3.6-8) by the following factors (Warren and Rea, 1989, as modified):
Table 3.6-9 summarizes the assessment of the optimum overall boat capacity based on the usable water surface acreage and the boating activity mix identified from the surveys. Table 3.6-10 provides the assessment of the percent capacity of the boat use for Mountain Island Lake on the peak day during the 1999 study period. Mountain Island Lake during the weekday was estimated at 20 percent capacity, during the weekend at 36 percent capacity, and during the peak holiday period at 25 percent capacity for overall boating use.
The optimum boat carrying capacity assessment provides an assessment of the total surface area available for boating use. To assess the areas of the lakes with higher density of boating use, the general location of boating activity was recorded during the flyovers for each day of aerial coverage. Figure 3.6-3 shows the location of boats during the peak use day for Mountain Island Lake. Figure 3.6-4 shows the boating density on Mountain Island Lake for the peak use day and denotes areas with the greatest clustering of boating activity. Figure 3.6-5 shows the boat density map based on the composite of the four highest boating use days. This figure illustrates the areas where boating use most often occurred during the peak use days during the study period and provides an assessment of areas with high density boating during this same period. Based on the boat capacity study in Table 3.6-10, there are no crowding problems on Mountain Island Lake. The highest capacity reached was about 36% capacity on a weekend and 25% capacity on holiday weekends. The Peak Use Day Boat Density map, Figure 3.6-4 (for only one day), does show two areas where the boat density is higher than the rest of the lake, but the acres available per boat for are adequate for most boating activities. When averaging the four highest boat count days, Figure 3.6-5, there is only one area where boat densities are higher than the rest of the lake. For all of the remaining times during the year the boat density levels are low.
Mountain Island Lake Estimated Future Recreational Demand Table 3.6-11 provides the population projections for the counties within 50-60 miles of Mountain Island Lake. Population projections were conducted for the impact zone using a combination of 1970 - 1990 population data and 2000 and 2010 population projections from U.S. Census Bureau data and were used to make projections for 2030, 2040, and 2050.
Table 3.6-12 provides the estimated recreational use for the impact zone through the year 2050. Current use estimates are based on spot counts and responses to surveys. The recreational use projections were estimated by computing the projected population increase for the impact zone and incorporating indexed values for future recreational use for the various activities. The index values for each activity were obtained from "Outdoor Recreation in American Life: A National Assessment of Demand and Supply Trends" (Cordell, 1999). The indices are based on models that incorporate a number of variables, including age structure of the population, income, race, sex, and population density, as well as other explanatory variables. Full model parameters and estimates are available from the author. Table 3.6-13 shows the estimated absorption percentage for the four major recreation activities that require specific lands and facilities. Picnicking, swimming, camping, and boating are activities that require specific developed facilities. The other activities listed are dispersed activities that can take place at a variety of undeveloped areas. The estimated 1999 use levels are from Table 3.6-12. The estimated demand is based on the impact zone population (population of all counties within 50-60 miles of the lake). The impact zone population is multiplied by the participation rate for the activity, which was obtained from "Emerging Markets for Outdoor Recreation in the United States: Based on the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment" (Cordell et al., 1996). Participation rates are for the South and are similar to 1995 North Carolina and South Carolina SCORP data. Specific participation rates are as follows: swimming, 37.3%; picnicking, 44.8%; camping, 22.4%; and boating, 45.0%. The product of the impact zone population and participation rates are then multiplied by the estimated of number of days of participation for each activity, which were obtained from the 1995 North Carolina SCORP. The 1999 estimated number of participants for each activity was then divided by the 1999 estimated demand to obtain the estimated absorption percentage. Absorption percentage is defined as the percent of total demand for the impact zone that is met by the individual lake. Table 3.6-14 provides the estimate of the recreational facilities land acreage needed to meet the future recreational demand through the year 2050. The weighted population is the estimated impact zone population multiplied by the participation rate for each activity. The facility standards and estimated acreage needs for the facility class are based on State SCORPS and FERC Guidelines for Outdoor Recreational Facilities. The facility need is the total facility need for the impact zone based on the weighted population and the facility standards. The total facility need is then multiplied by the absorption percentage to determine the facility need for Mountain Island Lake. The acreage needs are then based on the Mountain Island Lake facility need multiplied by per unit acreage needs that are based on State SCORPS and FERC Guidelines for Outdoor Recreation Facilities. For Mountain Island Lake, it is estimated that 18 acres are required to accommodate future recreational facilities demand through the year 2050. This includes 1 acres of beaches, 1 acres of picnic areas, 4 acres of campsites, and 13 acres of boat ramps. The estimated acreage needs for the reservoir are total usable acreage needs. Usable land acreage at existing developed public recreation facilities can be counted toward these needs. Duke Power sites, county and state parks, and other private and public agencies will meet these needs. Duke Power is expected to meet a portion of the future recreational land needs. The entire estimated need will be met by a combination of opportunities from all sources. For Mountain Island Lake, the most frequently identified
recreational facility needs mentioned were for more boat ramps and
restrooms. Duke Power has increased the number of boat ramps and
parking spaces at the public access areas. Duke Power is also working
with the county recreation agencies for the development of additional
recreation facilities, including restrooms, at the access areas
upon signing of a lease.
*Boating activities
Based on comments received from the Recreation Use and Needs Survey conducted for Duke Power in 1999, the respondents indicated a need for more boat ramps, marinas, gas pumps, trash receptacles, restrooms and pump out stations on Mountain Island Lake. Duke Power has added boat ramps to the two public access areas as identified the 1996 SMP. Through the AAII, additional gas pumps and other facilities may also be installed as Duke Power begins accepting access area lease requests by non-agency groups for the access areas not leased to the agencies. The non-agency groups had to wait until after June 1, 2000 (the deadline for agencies to submit an application, plan and schedule) before Duke Power would consider accepting their applications. Based on the projected population projections, facility standards and estimated acreage needs for the facility class, approximately 18 acres will be needed through 2050 to meet future recreational facility demand. Currently 69 acres of mainland and 20 acres of islands have been reserved for recreational use. The land is good topographically and will be able to support the facilities identified by the survey respondents in the Recreation Use and Needs Study. There are also 5 existing or proposed county and state recreation areas on the lake. Survey respondent indicated they would like to see controls on jet ski use and controlled development. Additional safety items concerning safe use of jet skis and controlling boat speed will be including in the Duke Power's lake map publication. With the recent land purchases by the counties and conservation groups, the majority of the lake's shoreline will not be developed. The known proposed recreational changes for Mountain Island Lake follow: Duke Power Access Riverbend Access Area, Gaston County, North Carolina The changes proposed by Gaston County for this site in 2002:
The changes proposed by Gaston County for this site in 2003:
The changes proposed by Gaston County for this site in 2004:
The changes proposed by Gaston County for this site in 2005:
Mountain Island Tailrace Fishing Area, Gaston County, North Carolina The changes proposed by the City of Mount Holly for this site in 2001:
Duke Power Islands The NCWRC has expressed an interest in managing the islands on Mountain Island Lake. A management plan is being developed and may be completed for the SMP filing in 2001. |
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